Types of Damages

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Compensatory Damages
Punitive Damages
Nominal Damages
Attorneys' Fees and Court Costs

Compensatory damages

Compensatory damages are derived from the word "compensate," meaning "to make up for" or "to make whole". Generally, these damages can be broken up into two sub-categories - actual damages and general damages. Actual damages seek to reimburse a plaintiff for out-of-pocket expenses incurred, or financial losses sustained. Actual damages typically include:

• Medical and hospitalization bills incurred to treat your injuries
• Wages lost due to work missed while you recuperate
• Costs of household or nursing help during recovery, including costs of wheelchair or crutches required
• Cost of rental car or substitute transportation
• Cost to replace or repair damaged property

As noted, injured victims can also sue for general damages in addition to actual damages. General damages include the things that can't be precisely documented in dollars spent, including:

Pain and suffering endured due to injuries and any subsequent mental anguish

Disfigurement resulting from injuries

Value of medical expenses you are likely to incur in the future

Value of wages you are likely to lose in the future

Permanency of injury and resulting pain and suffering

Loss of consortium (benefits of a relationship)

Loss of opportunity

Click here for more information on compensatory damages.

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Punitive damages

In addition to compensatory damages, punitive damages may be awarded in certain cases. Punitive damages are not based on actual injuries sustained. Rather, they are a way to punish the defendant for intentional conduct or gross negligence - behavior that is so egregious that a civil court penalty is warranted in order to deter the defendant from committing the same act again in the future. In Alabama, punitive damages may not be awarded unless the judge or jury finds, by a strict standard that the defendant consciously or deliberately engaged in oppression, fraud, wantonness, or malice with regard to the plaintiff. Code of Ala. § 6-11-20. In addition, punitive damage awards may not exceed three times the compensatory damages to the plaintiff, or $1,500,000, whichever is greater. Code of Ala. § 6-11-21(d).

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Nominal damages

Nominal damages are minimal damage awards acknowledging that the plaintiff was legally wronged, while at the same time recognizing a lack of evidence establishing that the plaintiff suffered actual damages. Nominal damages are normally very small awards, and are allowed only in cases where actual injury is not required to be shown, such as with intentional torts.

Example: If you are pushed by someone in such a manner so as to be offensive, thus constituting the tort of battery, but you suffer no actual physical injury, you may be entitled to a minimal award of nominal damages.

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Attorneys' fees and court costs

In addition to damages, a successful plaintiff is also able to recover court costs incurred. Court costs include the cost of filing fees, process server fees, deposition transcripts, court transcriptions and translators. Attorneys' fees are generally not included as part of a successful plaintiff's recovery, though there are limited circumstances where procedural rules allow for the successful plaintiff to recover attorney's fees and expert witness fees.

These procedural rules require the understanding and skill of experienced personal injury attorneys. If you or a loved one is a victim of personal injuries, call Alexander Shunnarah, Personal Injury Lawyers now at 205-323-1000 or CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT A SIMPLE CASE FORM. The initial consultation is free of charge, and if we agree to accept your case, we will work on a contingent fee basis, which means we get paid for our services only if there is a monetary award or recovery of funds. Don't delay! You may have a valid claim and be entitled to compensation for your injuries, but a lawsuit must be filed before the statute of limitations expires.

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